Thyroid Disorder

What Is The Thyroid Gland?

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck just above the collarbone. It is a part of the endocrine gland which produces the thyroid hormone. It is mainly responsible for the regulation of the body’s metabolism. Two hormones which are called thyroid hormones namely thyroxin (T3) and triiodothyronine (T4) are secreted into the blood by the thyroid gland.

What Is The Function Of The Thyroid Gland?

The thyroid gland secretes two major hormones which are T3 and T4. These hormones perform the following functions-

• These hormones regulate the rate of calorie-burning process inside the human body which controls the weight loss and weight gain process.
• Thyroid hormones also control the rate of heartbeat.
• These hormones help in maintaining electrolyte balance.
• They are also responsible for the development of the brain in the fetus.
• They play a major role in the body’s temperature regulation.
• They help in the breakdown of cholesterols and triglycerides.
• T3 and T4 help in the stimulation of body tissue for the production of protein and oxygen.

What Are The Symptoms Of The Underactive Thyroid Gland?

The underactive thyroid gland is a disorder which is known as hypothyroidism. The symptoms include-

• Decrease in body temperature.
• Weight is rapidly increased in patients with hypothyroidism.
• The cholesterol and triglyceride levels increase.
• Slow heartbeat.
• Constipation.
• More hair loss.  
• Muscles cramp.

What Are The Symptoms Of An Overactive Thyroid Gland?

The overactive thyroid gland is a disorder commonly known as hyperthyroidism. The symptoms of hyperthyroidism are as follows-

• Irregular heartbeat.
• Increased sensitivity to heat.
• Sudden weight loss.
• Difficulty in breathing.
• The patient tends to be nervous most of the time.
• Difficulty in sleeping.
• Hypertrophy of muscles and tremors in the body and limbs occur.

When Is The Time To Consult The Doctor For Thyroid Treatment? (Explain The Below Points)

The best time to consult with the doctor for thyroid treatment is when you are diagnosed with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. By going for regular visits to the doctor you can control thyroid gland disorder. It is more important to consult an endocrinologist during the following situation-

• Lump or Nodule in the thyroid gland – The thyroid gland is just located in front of the neck. When a lump or some outgrowth is seen then it is important to visit the doctor. These lumps or nodules might be the cause of thyroid gland cancer. So in this situation, it’s crucial to visit the doctor for treatment.
• Swollen thyroid gland – Swollen thyroid gland is another risk factor for thyroid patients. It should not be mistaken as lumps or nodules. To treat the disorder the doctor may remove the thyroid gland through surgical procedures.
• Unable to conceive – Whether it is hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, both of them affect the mother as well as the fetus or the unborn baby. During pregnancy the level of thyroid hormone is imbalance so before conceiving pregnancy it is more important to consult the doctor. If an imbalance in the hormone occurs it may affect the development of the fetus. If the thyroid hormone disorder is left untreated then it can also cause miscarriage. So if women are unable to conceive pregnancy due to thyroid disorder they must consult the doctor.
• Medications not working – Medicines are prescribed by the doctor during hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. If the medicines are not responding to the patient then he must consult the doctor immediately. May it be hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism both are harmful to the body. So it is better to consult the doctor as soon as possible.
• Symptoms of thyroid disorder – Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have their signs and symptoms. If you felt the symptoms such as sudden weight loss, and irregular heartbeat then you may be suffering from hyperthyroidism. If symptoms such as high cholesterol, sudden weight gain may be a symptom of hypothyroidism. So if any symptom is felt it is necessary to consult a doctor for treatment.

What Are The Treatment Options For Thyroid Disorders?

Thyroid gland disorder can be treated by the following methods-

• Thyroid surgery – The thyroid gland part is removed in a patient suffering from a thyroid disorder. If there is the possibility of thyroid cancer then the thyroid gland is removed.
• Radiation: For conditions such as thyroid cancer radiation is used to kill the cancerous cells. This prevents from spreading cancer from one part of the body to another.
• Anti-thyroid drugs: If hypothyroidism is present it can be controlled with the help of anti-thyroid medicines such as propylthiouracil and carbimazole.
• Drugs for hypothyroidism – Drugs that increase the formation of thyroid hormone can also be used for the treatment of hypothyroidism such as levothyroxine.

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